![]() ![]() He argued that there is a lot more involved in the global energy market than shifting oil routes and that the diplomatic impact of all this is being revealed. The majority of Saudi Arabia's exports are loaded at Ras Tanura in the Persian Gulf, near Bahrain, before crossing the Strait of Hormuz and sailing out into the Indian Ocean.Īccording to Mitchell, Saudi Arabia is also able to break into markets that Russia previously catered to. Saudi Arabia's crude exports to Asia stood at an average of 5.5 million barrels a day for the last 18 months, while the UAE's exports remain close to 3 million barrels a day, data shows. Middle East exports to Asia, according to Katona, may be the exception in terms of longer voyages, as producer countries appear to be focusing more on supplying Asia, the closest buyer of Middle East crude.ĭespite the increase in Russian oil exports to China and India, Middle Eastern countries are still the biggest crude suppliers to the Asian region. Middle East still Asia's largest supplier With Türkiye's abundant refining capacity, which is very diesel-focused, the country has been importing Russian diesel for domestic consumption and exporting Turkish diesel to Europe, a move that Katona described as "technically legal and actually very smart." Russia's oil exports to Türkiye stood at 94,335 barrels per day in February 2022 and reached their highest level in September 2022 at 392,908 barrels per day, although imports dropped to 145,973 barrels per day in March 2023. "It is the shortest Russian supply route right now," he said, noting that Türkiye has been importing significant quantities of Russian crude and oil products. ![]() Katona contended that Türkiye is the one country that is reducing overall shipping emissions for Russian crude and oil products, with a typical voyage from Russia's only crude export terminal in Novorossiysk on the Black Sea coast to Türkiye lasting three to four days. Shortest Russian supply route now Türkiye Likewise, US, West African and Latin American exports to Europe also mean more emissions," Katona said. So this is definitely increasing emissions from shipping compared to five days into Rotterdam. The biggest increase in terms of voyage times into Asia is Russia to India. "The world trade has become significantly more polluting than it used to be before, that is an absolute fact. Longer shipping routes are likely to raise emissions from shipping, an industry that accounts for 3% of global carbon emissions. ![]() Since the start of the war, Russia's crude exports to China have remained at an average of one million barrels per day, while Sri Lanka and Myanmar have emerged as significant export destinations for Russian crude, rising from marginal imports prior to the war. It is pretty much a bromance or love story between the two countries," Katona said. "The amount of Russian crude going to India has been increasing for nine consecutive months. However, Katona explained that not all crude grades take the slow 40–45-day delivery route because if ESPO blend crude shipments load from Russia's Far East, the journey to China takes only about five days due to its proximity to Chinese shores.Īccording to Kpler data, Russia's oil exports to India, including Ural, SBL, and ESPO, increased from zero in February 2022 to the highest level since the war in March 2023, at 1.99 million barrels per day. Russian exports to these countries begin in the Baltic ports of Ust-Luga and Primorsk, travel along the Baltic Sea, circumnavigate the Danish Islands, cross the British Straits, Gibraltar, Malta, Sicily, and the Suez Canal, and then continue through the Red Sea to India, which takes about 30-35 days, with the route to China taking 10 days longer. Russia's oil exports are taking longer journeys as India and China have emerged as the country's top export destinations. ![]() Greatest difference in travel time is from Russia to India The majority of US crude loads from US Gulf ports to Europe take an average of 20 days. The UK's crude imports from the US rose from an average of 289,192 barrels a day in February 2022 to over 400,000 barrels in post-war months, while the Netherlands' imports reached over 510,000 barrels per day in March 2023, almost doubling compared to a year earlier. The Netherlands saw the biggest rise in crude flows from West African countries after the war.Ĭrude flows from the US to Europe increased significantly as the Netherlands, Italy, the United Kingdom, Finland, Lithuania, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Spain, and Canada increased their crude imports from the US. ![]()
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